On the Road by Jack Kerouac Essay

Presently considered not just an unbelievable work inside the historical backdrop of American writing, Jack Kerouac’s â€Å"On the Road† is likewise viewed as the essential work of a whole age of youthful Americans searching for reason and heading in a country not far expelled from universal war, and turning out to be progressively confused and quick paced. Amidst the general cultural changes delineated through Kerouac’s characters in â€Å"On the Road†, the hero of the story, Dean Moriarty, remains as a notorious, perplexing figure. In this paper, the elements and complexities of Moriarty’s character, just as the progressions that this character experiences as â€Å"On the Road† unfurls will be talked about so as to more readily comprehend Moriarty as a character, yet in addition what he speaks to. Dignitary Moriarty’s Changes Within the Plot of â€Å"On the Road† The progressions that Moriarty experiences in Kerouac’s book are representative not just of the general bearing of his life itself, yet additionally the general public wherein he lives, the individuals with whom he collaborates, and what's on the horizon for everybody, including this character himself. Increasing even a basic comprehension of the character of Moriarty in important to make this conceivable. Senior member Moriarty makes a striking passage into the plot of â€Å"On the Road†; from the earliest starting point, he catches the enthusiasm of different characters in the book in view of his very nature, which is profoundly energized, yet engaging in view of his undeniable energy forever and his enthusiasm for living each second to its fullest (Whissen, 1992). Simultaneously, indicating that he is a continually evolving individual, Moriarty is estranged from a portion of the more regular individuals who are companions with other primary characters in the story, a separation which none of the principle characters put forth an attempt to cure, making way for Moriarty to blast his own way in resulting areas of the book. Maybe on of the most critical attributes of Moriarty, which fills in as an impetus for a considerable lot of the progressions through which he goes, is the way that he is speaking to the other gender; this kind of sentimental strain makes a touch of puzzle about Moriarty (Swartz, 1999). This allure likewise opens up a universe of opportunities for Moriarty to investigate, and presents him with numerous enticements and difficulties that others may never understanding. Regardless of whether this appeal with ladies was something that came about just by the way that Moriarty introduced himself, or it was something toward which he sought and found a way to guarantee that ladies would discover him attractive, this part of his character was the initial phase in the progressions that he experiences all through the story. Initially, as to Moriarty’s changes, the way that he carries on different associations with ladies, numerous simultaneously, makes it vital for Moriarty to continually go all through the country, really epitomizing the â€Å"on the road† way of life which shapes the foundation of Kerouac’s book. The outcomes of these numerous connections, and the resulting intricacies and duties that come out of them, make issues for Moriarty that he is compelled to stand up to, and fit in with too. The multifaceted nature of these connections is made considerably progressively emotional by the way that in the long run, Moriarty fathers numerous kids with different ladies, making it everything except unthinkable for him to continue any sort of a traditional life or to remain writing material in one spot for any measure of time; the capacity that the vast majority need to lead a customary, everyday presence, is prevented Moriarty in light of the fact that from claiming the decisions he makes in his own life until nearly the finish of the book. A second region of progress for Dean Moriarty is found in his social collaborations with companions past the degree of sentimental intervals. Socially, Moriarty likewise experiences a lot of progress as the plot of the book unfurls. In light of Moriarty’s estrangement from individuals past his prompt hover of dear companions, he turns out to be progressively pulled back from the ordinary social parts of regular society and has a kind of pity and vacancy about him. This void is loaded up with shameful undertakings with ladies as was examined before, travel, and abundances, for example, drinking and stunning conduct, which will be talked about in more detail in a resulting segment of this article. Moriarty’s appealling nature in certain examples is additionally critical to acknowledge from the perspective of the change that he influences in others, maybe most altogether on account of his closest companion, Sal Paradise. Since Sal admires Dean in fundamentally every everyday issue as a good example of sorts (Whissen, 1992), he mirrors even Dean’s most noticeably awful social attributes, including the consistent voyaging. The stupidity of this impersonation is made increasingly emotional by the way that Sal is more seasoned than Dean, making the suggestion that Dean could in truth gain so much from Sal if the circumstance were by one way or another switched. At last, a change that Moriarty endeavors is as huge as any of the others which he ahs experienced all through â€Å"On the Road†. At last, Moriarty endeavors to assume the persona of a cultivated and capable person when he recognizes his obligations to his marriage promises and the youngsters that were made because of his conjugal association. Finding a new line of work and endeavoring to sink into an ordinary, organized home life, Moriarty gives this undertaking and life change a genuine exertion, yet he before long finds this is more hard for him than he may have anticipated. Because of this acknowledgment, which some may state is his very own acknowledgment nature as a voyaging, fairly tumultuous individual with a significant level of allure to ladies as a rule, he rapidly loses enthusiasm for being a decent dad and spouse; for instance, overlooking the calls of his kid, fixating on different ladies with whom he was associated with the past, and more than likely arranging the subsequent stage of his representative and truly street venture in a quest for what is absent in his life, and what the life of a normal husband/father, in his view, neglects to convey. An Insight into Moriarty’s Mindset By considering the example of Moriarty’s conduct, and the various characters and perspectives he grasps, it is a lot simpler to profile the outlook of this mysterious and muddled character. Moriarty’s inward void is clear when his activities and worth frameworks, defective as they seem to be, are isolated from the activity of â€Å"On the Road†, and the story itself is taken a gander at in a progressively philosophical manner. The contention can be made that Moriarty’s attitude is representative of the situation in America at the time that Kerouac composed his book; on the grounds that the country was increasing another character following World War II and before the Korean War arrived at its peak, the country all in all, and Dean Moriarty independently, started to address what the idea of life is about and whether the normal, everyday existence of the normal individual is the best condition of living that one can reach (Begnal, 1998). A fretful country, reflected in the eager persona of Moriarty, comes radiating through, overshadowing the plot and different characters of the book itself. Additionally, the subject of the idea of Moriarty’s moxy is significant while increasing a more full comprehension of his attitude and worth framework. On the off chance that one takes the position that Moriarty was inserted with appeal and it was outside his ability to control to do anything other than to submit to its capacity, at that point Moriarty can be thoughtfully seen as a casualty. In any case, if the position is taken that Moriarty was a figuring person whose sentimental excursions were purposely moved in the direction of and sought after as an objective, at that point Moriarty can be viewed as not exactly an enchanting Casanova, and all the more precisely, a perilous predator that harms each relationship with which he comes into contact. The numerous progressions of Dean Moriarty, just as the progressions he impacts in others and the impacts that he has on those with whom he associates, all plot to make inside him a lot of contention and nervousness, which shows itself in a kind of franticness. This franticness is likewise imperative to comprehend when contemplating the dynamic idea of Moriarty himself. Moriarty’s Descent into Madness By making human clash, disarray and unrest for all intents and purposes everybody he meets, Moriarty has worked for himself an entangled way of life that can be supposed to be established in franticness. This franticness, as such a significant number of different features of Moriarty’s being, in the end spill out away from any confining influence for anyone passing by to view, much like the exemplary case of somebody exposing heart and soul to all onlookers. As a rule, it very well may be reasonably said that one of the most trademark presentations of some degree of frenzy in the brain of Dean Moriarty can be found in his hunger for new experiences based way of life and character. Similarly as Moriarty went starting with one sentimental contact then onto the next, and fathered one youngster after another, he ventured starting with one physical area then onto the next. This excursion can be seen as a mission to fill the vacancy inside his spirit in certain occasions, or a craving to escape from any type of duty in others. The examination of this excursion to the excursion of acknowledgment that America was taking at the time is likewise precise and suitable. Whichever correlation one picks, nobody can deny that the fast pace at which Moriarty went to and fro starting with one goal then onto the next is characteristic of probably some degree of franticness. As Moriarty went about, his franticness was additionally demonstrated to be solid and conspicuous by his negligence for the prosperity of others. Explicitly portrayed in the book is Moriarty’s excursion to Chicago, during which his abnormal conduct puts others in danger, however he appears not to be worried about it in the smallest. One more bit of proof th

SWOT Analysis OF NIKE

SWOT Analysis OF NIKE Halfway satisfaction by the honor of the post graduate confirmation in business Management. From Fortune School of Technology and Management in Singapore. Nike Inc. was established inâ 1962 by Bill Bower man and Philip H. Knight as aâ partnership under theâ name, Blue Ribbon Sports. Since Germany conqueredâ the residential market in America, Nike accompanied minimal effort and excellent items for the American individuals. Today, Nike fabricates and disseminates athletic shoes in the worldwide market and 40% ofâ its deals originate from athletic attire, sports equipment,and auxiliary endeavors and they haveâ traditionalâ asâ wellâ asâ nontraditionalâ distributionâ channelsâ inâ moreâ thanâ 100countries all around. Nike has accomplished a chief situation in the market yet in 1998, the organization needs to confront the issue of abusing abroad specialists and the modifying consumerâ needs adversely pompous the deals of Nike. In this report, I have talked about the case history of Nike that significantly covers the kid laborâ problem and the issue of progress in shoppers inclinations after which I have done the SWOT examination and have thought of vital destinations, advertise driven system Objectives. Moreover, the showcasing technique is talked about that covers the division methodology, focusing on, situating and channel circulation of Nike and the item, cost and limited time system it must approve. In theâ end, Iâ have offered someâ recommendations to Nikes the board to constrain it towards progress. Substance Presentation: The organization Nike has build up its image with parcel of endeavors today practically all thinks about Nike it is a world renowned brand with a decent notoriety. Knight called his first shoe Tiger and started allotment at way meet. Blue Ribbon in 1971 earned its Swoosh and knight presents the most significant Nike brand line. In 1978 the Blue Ribbon becomes Nike and the two years their profit develop consistently. Because of Nike consideration in casual shoes in the 1980, they missed the inclining to oxygen consuming shoe and chop down subsequent to permitting Reebok to deal with the commercial center. Crucial VISION: Nike states in its crucial that it involve duty trade in a blameworthy manner, generally imperative to reasonable money related increment. With the development in information, Human asset rehearses, the solid educated and talented business power, here is very little lacking to recognize association. Living supposedly going included than the most reduced sum vital on network issue can draw and keep benefactors. This container ocean green change pulls in focus to the affiliation; they are see as attentive and open subject (Mullins, L. 2005). A discourse, on the development set up as a regular occurrence of Nike during its cause possible grouping to blame the relationship for individual worried in constrained operational conditions, disobedience of difficult work social equality, low pay and bothering of its work power. Nike pays attention to this data. Based on the learning answer the business has make more grounded the check of its seller (Hummels, H and Timmer, D.2004) Goal OF THE STUDY: Give a situation which creates individuals to amplify their commitment to NIKE. Recognize centered buyer portion openings. Offer quality and inventive types of assistance and items inside and remotely Establish and sustain applicable enthusiastic ties with buyer portions. Amplify benefits. SWOT ANALYSIS: Qualities Nike is a serious association. Phil Knight (Founder and CEO) is every now and again cited as saying that Business is war without slugs. Nike has a sound revultion of is contenders. At the Atlanta Olympics, Reebok went to the expense of supporting the games. Nike didn't. Anyway Nike supported the top competitors and increased significant detailing. Nike has no processing plants. It doesn't tie up money in structures and assembling laborers. This makes an exceptionally lean association. Nike is extreme at innovative work, as is confirm by its advancing and creative item extend. They at that point fabricate any place they can create top notch item at the most minimal conceivable cost. In the event that costs rise, and items can be made all the more efficiently somewhere else (to the equivalent or better detail), Nike will move creation. (ynkamat, 2009) Nike is a worldwide brand. It is the main games brand in the World. Its celebrated Swoosh is in a split second natural, and Phil Knight even has it inked on his lower leg Nike is very solid with respect to its innovative work; very checked in regards to its advancing and imaginative item decision. They make high caliber at the least potential cost, on the off chance that costs ascend because of value climb, at that point the creation procedure is made less expensive by changing the spot of creation. It has a place with the Fortune 500 organizations. Nike utilizes about more than 30.000 individuals around the world. It has a solid feeling of advertising advancement by supporting top competitors. It utilizes linarite froth and flies wire materials so as to make the fabricated shoes lighter and progressively advantageous. (Adam, 2009) Its representing high caliber and imaginative footwear .Nike is additionally known for its creative showcasing .Nike advertisements are a piece of the mainstream society an amazing accomplishment. Well known battles include bo Jackson, Michael Jordon, and Tiger Woods the Nikes swoosh is exceptionally conspicuous around the world .Nikes late rebound has been extraordinarily helped by expanded deals of Nikes clothing. (Robert N. Lussier, 2009) Political Analysis According to PEST investigation the political enviourment can be taken as quality The legislature must make financial approaches that will encourage the development of organizations. Nike, luckily, has been helped by the US strategies which empower it to propel its items. The help agreed to Nike by the US government, especially in the general macroeconomic steadiness, low loan costs, stable cash conditions and the global seriousness of the duty framework, structure the establishment basic to Nikes development. (Cuizon, 2009) Society Analysis According to PEST investigation the social enviourment can be taken as quality Individuals are more wellbeing cognizant as of now. Diet and wellbeing are getting more unmistakable quality. Thus, an ever increasing number of individuals are joining wellness clubs. There is a going with interest for wellness items especially practice attire, shoes and gear. Nike is at the front situation of this flood sought after as individuals are searching for sports shoes, clothing and gear. (Cuizon, 2009) Innovation Analysis Political Analysis According to PEST examination the mechanical enviourment can be taken as quality Nike utilizes IT in its showcasing data frameworks adequately. Nike applies advertising data frameworks to the financial aspects of progress, division and separation for about the entirety of its organizations. Nikes administration status owes in huge part to the utilization of incredibly significant Information Technology, and applying it to each part of the item from advancement to dispersion. Nike, being the world head in the athletic footwear industry, can viably outfit its condition to support its showcasing endeavors. This methodology has converted into strong deals of Nikes items. (Cuizon, 2009) Shortcomings The association has a differentiated scope of sports items. In any case, the salary of the business is still vigorously subordinate upon a lot of the footwear showcase. This may leave it defenseless if under any circumstances its piece of the overall industry dissolves. The retail area is exceptionally value touchy. Nike has its own retailer in Nike Town. Be that as it may, the greater part of its pay is gotten from selling into retailers. Retailers will in general offer a fundamentally the same as experience to the customer. Would you be able to disclose to one games retailer from another? So edges will in general get crushed as retailers attempt to pass a portion of the low value rivalry pressure onto Nike. Nike was for a long while reluctant to unveil any kind of data concerning its banding together organizations. It was accused of the infringement of extra time andâ minimum wageâ rates in Vietnam, 1996, that was viewed as having poor working conditions, and that it was likewise charged for abusing modest workforce abroad. (ynkamat, 2009) Nike was additionally answered to have applied youngster work in Pakistan and Cambodia to produceâ soccer balls. It was situated as a subject of analysis by against globalization bunches because of its boisterous and abused way that was a serious debacle for its notoriety. (Adam, 2009) In late 2005 originator phil knight left the CEO position at Nike. Since that time Nike has had two CEO s. Nike brand co president mark parker is the organizations new president and CEO following the renunciation of William D. Perez will Nike ever have the option to supplant the overwhelming author Phil knight? Another inquiry on the territory concerning is that worldwide deals, for example, Europe and Asia ,have rather at an a lot quicker pace than household deals in the United States. (Robert N. Lussier, 2009) Monetary Analysis According to PEST examination the financial enviourment can be taken as shortcoming In economy, the greatest danger for Nike would be monetary downturn. During downturn, Nikes development will be antagonistically influenced. The US economy is encountering a downturn at the present time. Buyer buys are easing back down. Right now, Nikes feeling the spot of the monetary downturn. The Asian financial emergency additionally influences Nike since its products are made in Asia. The work expenses and material costs are going up. Nikes development isn't simply influenced by the neighborhood economy yet in addition in the universal economy. A feeble Euro and an Asian downturn could mean frail deals for Nike. The general outcomes in the deals produced by Nike in athletic footwear, be that as it may, stayed stable. The worldwide market compensates for the changes in deals especially among pinnacle and lean seasons. (Cuizon, 2009) Society Analysis According to PEST investigation the social enviourmen

How to Start a Lifestyle Business

How to Start a Lifestyle Business One of the most difficult parts of starting a business is deciding on what type of business it should be. You know you want to start a business and make a success of it. You know you want to become rich after a few years of running that business. But when you are asked what business it is, you would most likely pause and think.You’re lucky if you already know from the beginning what type of business you want to set up, but it is a different story if you are still undecided. For starters, it is not so simple that you just get right to it once the idea strikes you. There are certain considerations to be made, and you have to evaluate yourself â€" your resources, your capabilities, and your interests â€" on whether you are up for it.Fortunately, aspiring entrepreneurs and business people have a lot of options to choose from when it comes to starting a business. They could enter the food industry, perhaps, or go into retail. If they have more than enough resources, they can even ventur e into information technology or try their luck in any manufacturing business.But there is another industry that is currently booming: the Lifestyle Industry. © Shutterstock.com | Dudarev MikhailWe will 1) define what a lifestyle business is, 2) why you should start one, and 3) how to start a lifestyle business.  THE LIFESTYLE BUSINESSWhat, exactly, is a lifestyle business?A business, as we all know, is set up for the purpose of maximizing revenue and earning as much profits as possible. This definition does not strictly apply to a lifestyle business, though.A lifestyle business is one that is formed for the purpose of sustaining or supporting the income and personal requirements of the owners. It is still, to some extent, profit-oriented, but revenue maximization is not at the top of its list of priorities.Instead, the ultimate goal of a lifestyle business is the creation and sustenance of a pleasant and harmonious balance of life and work of the business owner. It generates just enough revenue to let the owner enjoy his or her current lifestyle, without adversely affecting his or her personal life.Enjoyment is usually a key point in a l ifestyle business. Owners set up the business based on their personal interest or passion â€" it could be a hobby or simply something that entertains them. This ensures that they actually love and enjoy their work on their business.This certainly redefines the age-old philosophy of many straitlaced businessmen about never mixing business with pleasure. In a lifestyle business, the owner can earn money from something they are having fun with.We can break down the features of a lifestyle business into the following:The owner is the sole employee or, in the case of more than one owner, the founders or owners are the business’ employees.The owner already makes a reasonable living, earning a respectable income.The owner has the freedom to do whatever he wants with his time and resources, so he can decide how much time is devoted to his work time and his personal time. He is allowed to pursue his interests and indulge in his passion while running the company.There are no intentions to e xit the business or sell it off, so it is built with plans to operate it for many more years to come.ANYONE can start a lifestyle business and make it grow.Many are under the impression that, when you start a lifestyle business, it is of a full-time nature. You can start a lifestyle business on the side, while you are holding a regular job. Some of the more successful lifestyle entrepreneurs started out that way: they had jobs and were already earning income, but they set up their lifestyle business on the side. Then they decided to do it full-time when their business started succeeding and they were earning enough to sustain their lifestyle even if they quit their previous job.Bottomline: a lifestyle business is one where the owner can run his or her company without sacrificing his or her personal life, such that he or she can live the way he or she wants to. More than for financial gain, it is set up for personal and lifestyle reasons.Lifestyle business vs. Self-EmployedOthers arg ue that there is not much difference between running a lifestyle business and being self-employed. After all, many lifestyle businesses involve working from home, with no employees other than yourself, and you having full control of the time you devote to the work at hand.There are similarities, sure, but being self-employed is still strictly a job, because you adhere to specific hours. For example, you set up a business that you open up every day, early in the morning, and close every night. A lifestyle business does not have these designated hours boxing you in. You can conduct your business at any time, because it does not hinder the way you live.Lifestyle business vs. StartupStartups are certainly popular these days. You often hear advice from many people saying that, if you want to get into business and succeed, set up a startup instead.Compared to the lifestyle business, a startup is its complete opposite. A startup is established with the intention of making it grow at a fast pace and earn a lot of profit over that short period. Growth and revenue generation are its main objectives, so its owners continually seek funding for its growth and expansion activities. Lifestyle businesses, on the other hand, do not go out seeking to attract additional funding or venture backing. All the funding will be provided by the owners or the founders.In a lifestyle business, the owner is responsible to no one but himself. A startup has the responsibility of making it big and earning money in order to be able to return the investment of the financiers and investors, as well as line the pockets of the owners. In the process, the owners and the employees of the business will have to do all they can, even putting their personal lives on hold, just to fulfill that responsibility.Examples of Lifestyle BusinessesA “lifestyle businessman” was once asked what type of business he is involved in. He answered, “it involves writing, teaching, and managing a band that often goe s on tour all over the country”.For those who are unfamiliar with the concept of a lifestyle business, it would not seem like it is a business at all. But you will be surprised at how flexible this type of business is, so what he said is completely valid.Here are some of the most common examples of thriving lifestyle businesses today.Professional blogging. This is most probably the quintessential lifestyle business. Many bloggers now make their living through blogging. Novelists, poets, journalists… These writers prefer to take the freelance route instead of getting employment in established organizations or companies. They travel, go places, experience things and write about them.Consultants and advisors. Services of consultants are sought after these days, ranging from matters regarding finance, law, technology, health, travel, real estate, and more.Online stores. E-commerce also falls under the lifestyle business category if they meet the definition of one.There is a general misconception that lifestyle businesses are strictly conducted online. That is wrong. A lifestyle business can be any kind, so it can also be offline. It may involve selling physical goods or services.WHY YOU SHOULD START A LIFESTYLE BUSINESSA lifestyle business has certain advantages over other types of businesses, and we’ve touched on them briefly while discussing its features. Let us take a look at what they are.Your personal life will not be sacrificed. You are not bound by any obligations to keep certain work hours, go where you are told by your superiors, or deliver this much amount of work at strict deadlines.There is no obligation to any investor or financing provider to earn a lot of profit. You provided the funding for your business, so all the profits will inure to your benefit.You get to enjoy the freedom of time and location. You choose when to work, where to work, and when to just take it easy and rest. Even while on vacation, you can sneak in a couple of hours of wo rk.You get to control most, if not all, aspects of the business. You founded the business, you are the employee, so you call all the shots.You also enjoy financial freedom, because you will be earning income that will be able to support the lifestyle that you want.You can expect positive cash flow early on, since there are no other employees to pay and other costs and overhead to spend on.To be fair, starting a lifestyle business is not all hunky-dory, because it also has its disadvantages. You may find yourself having problems funding your business and lamenting the limited funding sources that you have. In the event that you want to hire someone as an employee to help you out, you will have difficulty getting the best person or the top talent, since they are most likely to go for larger venture-backed businesses. Lifestyle businesses are also on the modest side, so if you are going into business with the expectation of earning millions of dollars within the first two years, you mi ght want to rethink going for a lifestyle business.STARTING A LIFESTYLE BUSINESSHow does one go about starting their lifestyle business? Take a look at the following tips.Step 1: Define your goals.The first step is knowing what you want. You are pretty sure that you want to start a business, but what are the fine points about it? What do you want to accomplish in your business? The goals we are referring to are personal goals: what you personally want to happen by starting your business.When defining your goals, make sure to consider the following:The amount or extent of freedom that you want with respect to your personal life. This relates to financial freedom, location freedom, and time freedom.The level of income that you deem would be enough to support the lifestyle that you want. This is your way of setting a target.Step 2: Identify your passion and interest.These are very important because you are going to be building your business around them. A lifestyle business should be s omething that you love and enjoy doing, so you have to know what you are passionate about or what interests you the most.There have been many stories of businesses failing because the owners somehow lost interest halfway through. This is why lifestyle businesses have greater chances of succeeding, since the owners are passionate about what they are doing. Even if the odds seem to be against them and the obstacles look insurmountable, they do not easily give up on what they really, really want and enjoy doing.Step 3. Find a problem.Now you have to identify problems that will be solved by your knowledge on the topic that you are passionate about or interested in. You are likely to have more customers for your lifestyle business if you have something to offer them â€" a solution to their problems.It goes without saying that the problem should be something that people would be willing to pay for the solution that you will offer. You can find this by taking note of what the people are sp ending their money on. You can also start looking at the competition, or those lifestyle businesses that are similar to what you have in mind. By studying them, you can tell whether there is a problem that you can offer to solve or not.Step 4. Decide on the business you will set up.From the assessments you conducted in the previous two steps, you can now decide clearly what lifestyle business you will set up. See to it that it is capable of being automated. See if there is a way to employ technology in the conduct of your business. This will make things easier for you down the line.Step 5. Set it up.This will be the one that needs the most work when you are starting your lifestyle business. Get the tools you need to get set up. If you are planning on writing or becoming a professional blogger, you have to get the basics down of setting up a blog. This includes learning about, and obtaining, the tools that you need. We created an actionable video guide on how to set up your blog whic h is the basis for your passive income empire. Set up your blog or get your website up and running. Fortunately, you do not have to be an expert in website creation or programming and coding to be able to do this, since there are platforms that allow you to set up a website or blog for free, or for a minimal fee. It’s just a matter of going through your options and finding the best fit for what you have in mind.Start attracting traffic for your website. There are various ways to attract traffic, and you may need to study a bit about it.Find clients locally. It does not have to be strictly performed online or via your blog. By actively going out and personally finding clients or customers, you can get started.Start building your potential client or customer list. It doesn’t matter if you have to start small, as long as your doStep 6. Just do it!It’s time to get down to business, literally and figuratively.Create and produce quality content. This is, after all, the main work of a lifestyle business. You have to create content that will address or solve the problems that you have identified earlier.Stay connected. This applies to your clients or your market. Through staying connected with them via social media and email, you will be able to keep yourself updated on the products and services that they want to buy, and the problems that they will be having that you might have a solution for.Trust your intuition. This is also very important. Of course, learning should be a continuous process. Attend trainings and seminars related to the business you chose to go into. Keep yourself up to speed with the latest developments related to your chosen field of interest.The real beauty of a lifestyle business is being paid for work that you enjoy so much you won’t even call it “work”, and living the life! Get started with your lifestyle business today and live life to the fullest!

New Model of Higher Education the University of the People

It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that we live at the turning point of human history. The last century saw more progress in technology and science than the previous thousand years, and the tempo of this development is only increasing. Yet in many other aspects – social, educational, psychological and some others – humankind changes much, much slower. And today what we have in terms of governments, institutions and arrangements of human existence is, mostly, woefully inadequate to the challenges of the new age and, even more disappointingly, lacking when compared to what they can already be, given the current level of technological advancement. And one of the areas that is most obviously inadequate is education. Modern higher education has been developed with the challenges of the industrial age in mind – and it meets them perfectly well, preparing millions of students every year for the life in industrial society. The problem is, this society is no more – today we live in the information age, which sets before us completely different tasks and has completely different requirements for success. To crown it all, the Earth’s population is growing too fast for the conventional higher education institutions to accommodate for it. If everything goes the same way it goes now, in a couple of decades (if not sooner) we are going to see millions upon millions of young people fully meeting even the strictest criteria of the most prestigious universities who will not be able to receive higher education simply because there will physically be no places for them. That is why something needs to be changed, and quickly. One of the forerunners of this change is the so-called University of the People (UoPeople). It is a non-profit organization that does its best to use the possibilities of the Internet to the fullest in order to change the prevalent educational paradigm. And its creators believe that while today it is an exception, an interesting experiment, in a very foreseeable future the model according to which it works can become a norm – and, probably, we have no other choice but to move in this direction. The first advantage of the University of the People is that it is exists in the Internet and thus, theoretically, can accommodate for an unlimited number of students without being restricted by state borders, nations, geographical locations and suchlike. It doesn’t have to own physical buildings and grounds. Currently the educational materials and the assistance of professors it uses – commonly one of the heftiest expense lines of any university – are also provided for free by said professors. As a result, it can offer a flexible, helpful curriculum for any students from any country who are passionate about getting education but cannot follow their dreams due to financial, cultural or some other reasons. It gives a chance for better lives to those who have nobody and nowhere else to turn to. Currently the number of students at the University of the People is rather limited, as well as the number of courses. But what it has works perfectly – and we are likely to see more institutions of the same kind in future.

The Women s Beauty Standards - 1160 Words

Beauty Standards Throughout history the standards for a women’s beauty have always been there. While they have changed over time, women have always had an expectation to meet. That has not changed to this day. In today’s society we like to think that were are all equal, whether that is based on race, ableism or sex. However, we are not equal. A concept like beauty standards stands in the way of that equality. Whether it is how sexualized a woman may be or how close she is to the ideal beauty, still make her inferior to men. The media plays a vast role in what is considered to be the ideal beauty. Amongst the movies, television shows, magazines and advertisements women have a lot to live up too. The media surrounds the public with â€Å"images of beautiful, thin (although fit, sculpted and large breasted) young, abled, smiling women† (188 Women’s Voices). The media in the U.S. society is making it particularly challenging for a women to accept the way she actually looks. These images of gorgeous women set standards of beauty to the other women that are then internalized. Companies that provide ways to modify the body, whether it is something as little as make up to something as large as reconstructive surgery, are becoming multimillion dollar industries. These industries are making all their money off of women who are trying to match an image that has already been modified itself. Women will pay to be able to achieve that standard of beauty. They are doing it to get theShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Beauty Standards Of Women1213 Words   |  5 PagesInfluence on Beauty Standards of Women There are several types of social standards that are held in the world today. Among those standards are the beauty standards of how women should look. This is one of the most talked about topic of discussions today. It is safe to say that the media is the reason to blame for these undocumented sets of beauty standards that women should abide by because of the types of women that are portrayed through the media. The unrealistic beauty standards the media hasRead MoreBeauty Industry Has A Big Impact On Females And Males1416 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty can be conveyed using a multitude of factors. From the color of a person s skin, to their eyes, to even their heart. There are beauty standards, but there are diversities between what s the â€Å"official† standard and what individuals think is beautiful. Everyone see things in a different light and America s beauty standards are no different. The beauty industry has a big impact on females and males. American’s perception of beauty is altered in many different ways based on the culture, skinRead MoreSusan Sontag s A Woman s Beauty : Put Down Or Power Source Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSusan Sontag s moralizing article, A Woman s Beauty: Put-Down or Power Source, originally published in Vogue in 1975, explores the double standards forced upon the modern day woman in hopes to leave a mark and open the eyes of the world. Sontag exposes the standards and consequences of beauty in the modern age, illuminating how being beautiful is now a trap in society. Through ethos, logos, and pathos Sontag reveals the twisted reality of gender stereotypes that still haunt women almost fiftyRead MoreTimeline of American Beauty Essay738 Words   |  3 Pagescan emulate the standards of beauty portrayed in the media. Unfortunately, this subliminally enforced standard is unattainable to some women, regardless of the quality of their character. Let’s examine how western women went from being pioneering superhe roes, to people who measure their worth against airbrushed photographs of impossibly beautiful women. Timeline of American Beauty People have used women in print media to sell their products since the mid-19th century. The women in the ads wereRead MoreCorrelation Between Sales Of Fairy Tales917 Words   |  4 Pagesfeminine beauty standards in their essay â€Å"The Pervasiveness and Persistence of the Feminine Beauty Ideal in Children’s Fairy Tales†. The study followed the sales of fairy tales from the 1900’s to the 2000’s to determine if feminine beauty in the stories was more common in times of â€Å"normative constraint† ( Baker-Sperry and Grauerholz 715). While there was no significant difference in the number of references to beauty of a specific gender, the feminine beauty ideal came with more standards in the talesRead MoreBeauty: Human Physical Appearance and Women1306 Words   |  6 Pages Beauty Throughout these moments in time, the term beauty has slipped out of control and become something utterly dissimilar. The significance of beauty has developed into something so unappealing, so unpleasant, so repugnant, that even now society is coming to the apprehension that the way they are portraying the description of beauty is erroneous. Over time, ‘beauty’ has evolved to something rather peripheral. Being beautiful is turningRead MoreThe Role Of Social Media On Women1001 Words   |  5 Pagesthe influenced constructed standards affect women long term and what exactly influences how girls act, look and think about themselves? Starting from a youth age through adolescence, which is the average age of still trying to figure out their identity, and in many cases lasting until adulthood, girls compare themselves and set their mindset to look like the celebrities they watch in T.V., magazines, music videos or movies.Yet, the issue is that by watching these women in tigh t dresses and such exquisiteRead MoreHow Women Should Act And Look Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pages Women have had the continuous problem of being seen as second hand citizens to their counterparts, men. In today’s society it is easy to find women depicted in negatives ways constantly in the media. All you have to do is a movie, read a magazine, or be scrolling down your social media timeline to see examples the way women are portrayed in today s media. If you look at television and movies where woman have roles, they often come second to men. The way women are presented in the media is thatRead MoreTwo or Three Things I Know for Sure1071 Words   |  5 Pages Allison illuminates the fact that we as women must appreciate each other and our beauty before we can truly cherish other forms of beauty around us. Two or three things I know for sure, and one of them is that of we are not beautiful to each other, we cannot know beauty in any form(86). We are so conditioned to see female beauty as what men see as beautiful, that we don t even know what it means to us. If we can get to the point where women feel beautiful even if they don t fit theRead MoreMedia and Feminine Beauty1497 Words   |  6 Pagesof feminine beauty. From watching movie to passing through the subway station, it is quite often to see numerous images of female faces and bodies. Women are exposed in the world where most women display in films and on subway advertising boards are striking poses with little clothes on. Moreover, every image showed is airbrushed with Photoshop. Women are exposed with images produced by the media on what is considered to be the ideal face and body. The way media portray feminine beauty today changes

Donner Case Free Essays

Order Size for drilling: * The Manual press needs 15 min for set up, in addition to 0. 08 min for every hole. Knowing that the typical circuit board has 500 drilled holes, then run time will be 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Donner Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now 08*500 = 40 min / board. Therefore, time taken to drill N boards manually will be equal to : 15 + 40(N) * On the other hand the CNC drill needs 240 min for set up, in addition to 0. 004 min for every hole. So run time will be 0. 004*500 = 2 min / board. Then the time taken to drill N boards by CNC drill will be equivalent to : 240 + 2(N) * It is then logic to conclude that we will use CNC drill only in order sizes that will provide timing benefit over manual press. i. e. when 240 + 2N 15 + 40N which means N 6 * However the shop floor policy dictates that only orders for more than 100 boards be drilled by CNC drill !!!!! Surely this must be changed * This means that they used the CNC drill in only 12 orders of the 60 orders received in September, while actually they should have used it in 35 orders ( all orders 6) !! Order Size for Profiling: * Set up time for Punch press is 50 min, while run time is 1 min / board. So Time taken to profile N orders will be 50 + N * While set up time for CNC routers reaches 150 min, in addition to 0. 5 min / board run time. So the time needed to complete profiling of N boards equals 150 + 0. 5(N) * Thus CNC reuters will produce time benefit if used only in orders more than 200 boards Capacity of Dry Film Photo Resist area: * Assuming order size equals 8 boards Then the panel preparation will take 5 + 0. = 5. 2 min Lamination Exposure will take 20 + 2 = 22 min Development will take 20 + 0. 2 = 20. 2 min * This means that Lamination and exposure are the bottle neck of the process, and the cycle time for this step will be 22 min / panel. Which means that the capacity will be 2. 7 panels / hour * If we increased order size to 2 panels (16 boards) Panel preparation will take 5 + 0. 4 = 5. 4 min Lamination Exposure will take 20 + 4 = 24 min Development will take 20 + 0. 4 = 20. 4 min Lamination exposure are still the bottle neck of the process, but the cycle time drops to 12 min / panel raising the capacity to 5 panels / hour.. Labor time for different order sizes: * Assuming four orders with one, eight, hundred and thousand boards each Operation| Setup| Run| One Board Order| Eight Board Order| Hundred Board Order| Thousand Boards order| PREPARATION| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Artwork Generation| 29| 0| 29| 29| 29| 29| Inspect Shear| 20| 0. 5| 20. 5| 20. 5| 26. 5| 82. 5| Punch Tooling Holes| 10| 0. 5| 10. 5| 10. 5| 16. 5| 72. | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | IMAGE TRANSFER| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Drill| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Manual| 15| 0. 08| 55| Â  | Â  | Â  | CNC Drille| 240| 0. 004| Â  | 256| 440| 2240| Metallization| 10| 0. 75| 10. 75| 10. 75| 19. 75| 103. 75| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Dry Film Photoresist| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â   | Â  | 1. Panel| 5| 0. 2| 5. 2| 5. 2| 7. 6| 30| 2. Laminate Expose| 20| 2| 22| 22| 46| 270| 3. Develop| 20| 0. 2| 20. 2| 20. 2| 22. 6| 45| Electroplate| 25| 8. 5| 33. 5| 33. 5| 135. 5| 1087. 5| Strip DFPR| 5| 0. 2| 5. 2| 5. 2| 7. 6| 30| Etch Tin Strip| 10| 0. | 10. 2| 10. 2| 12. 6| 35| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | FABRICATION | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Soldermask| 45| 1. 5| 46. 5| 46. 5| 64. 5| 232. 5| Solder Dip| 30| 0. 5| 30. 5| 30. 5| 36. 5| 92. 5| | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Profile| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Punch Press| 50| 1| 51| 58| 150| Â  | CNC Router| 150| 0. 5| | | | 650| Inspect, Test, Pack| 45| 1. 5| 46. 5| 57| 145| 1545| | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Total Labor Time| Â  | Â  | 397| 615| 1160| 6545| * Total Labor time is 397 minutes, 615 minutes, 1160 minutes, and 6545 minutes. * Large orders will best utilize the operation Labor distribution for the operation considering minimum 8 boards per order: * One technician is assigned to inspection shear, and Punch Tooling Holes Operation Time = 31 minutes * One technician is assigned to CNC drill, and MetallizationOperation Time = 27 minutes * One technician is assigned to panel prep, Develop, and Strip DFPROperation Time = 31 minutes * One technician is assigned to Laminate Expose, and Etch Tin StripOperation Time = 31 minutes * One technician is assigned to ElectroplatingOperation Time = 33. minutes * Two technicians are assigned to SoldermaskeOperation Time = 23 minutes * One technician is assigned to SolderdipOperation Time = 30. 5 minutes * Two technicians are assigned to Punch pressOperation Time = 25. 5 minutes * Two technicians are assigned to Inspect, test, packOperation Time = 24 minutes * Artwork generation, CNC drill diskettes, and CNC router diskettes are done with non productive stuff as soon as the order is issued and prior to the actual wor k start. Throughput rate for manufacturing process is equal to the largest operation time for processes = 34 min to produce a patch of eight boards Max idle time per technician is 10 minutes per patch Reduce lead time for order delivery: * Provide an initial inventory to reduce raw material delivery time * Provide a fixed schedule for operation to minimize bottlenecks and work piling * Assign experienced technicians for emergency rush orders, small sized orders, and return boards to perform work off the main production line. Introduce a job action sheet moving with every panel to check mark every finished process to eliminate any returned work due to unperformed processes. * For any stoppage order a complete reschedule for the complete order is mandatory * Create a WIP and schedule sheet visual for the president and sales department to consider while planning for a bid * How to cite Donner Case, Essay examples

The Overprotected Kid Essay Essay Example

The Overprotected Kid: Essay Paper In the opening of the article, the author criticizes that children of the 21st century have lost many of the childhood experiences such as playing in mud and rolling tires. The author uses the technique of descriptive language to create imagery. The use Of imagery not only create a realistic picture Of the situation but further engages the audience. The ground is muddy in spots and at one end slope down steeply to a creek. Rosin uses a small amount of Anecdote to put forth the reaction of the children when exposed to a playground such as The Land. In the beginning of the article the author outlines how the children socialism and the positive promotion of the Land. The techniques used by Hannah Rosin, convince the reader that children need to experience and make mistake in order to develop and learn. As the article develops the author continues to emphasis how the overprotection of children is depriving children more than playing in a Land with unlimited boundaries would. Hannah Rosin uses the techniques of descriptive language and the juxtaposition of generations to force her opinion on the reader. The author compares the safe playgrounds of today with the adventures one of the Land. To some extent the author mocks the safety guards of playground such as rubber swings for babies and a seesaw with a central ballast to make sure no-one falls out. Rosin implies that children are bored with how they are expected to play by including information regarding the treatment of old toys. The actual childrens toys are ignored, one facedown in mud. The techniques of descriptive language, comparison and a mocking tone are used to make the reader question whether the safety regulations are depriving children of fun and experience. We will write a custom essay sample on The Overprotected Kid: Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Overprotected Kid: Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Overprotected Kid: Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As the article, The overprotected child concludes the author finally implies hat the children of these days are rarely without the company of an adult despite the fact that commitments such as work are increasing. In the final paragraphs of the articles, the author uses the techniques of anecdotes, factual evidence, personal opinion and rhetorical question to convince the reader that the increased protection of children is merely as a result of our unnecessary fears. Rosin juxtaposes the values and attitudes of 1 sass society with those Of the 21 SST Century to highlight the extreme involvement Of parents in childrens lives. Rosin refers to her mothers involvement when she as younger stating she didnt spend vast amounts of time with me, and compares it to that of her children she had probably not spent more than about 10 minutes unsupervised by an adult. The author puts forth her opinion about how hard it is to comprehend the significant shift regarding the views of childhood that has occurred in just one generation. She compares how society would have reacted to certain actions such as walking third graders to school in the sass with those of the sass, and uses factual evidence to further emphasis this. In 1 971, 80% of third graders walked alone. By 1 990, that measure had dropped to 9%, and now its even lower. The use of facts means the ideas of the text come across as more realistic and believable as there is evidence to back it up. This causes the reader to re- evaluate the necessity of too much protection. In the final lines of the feature article Hannah Rosin uses the technique of rhetorical questions to pose the theory that as a result of our fears, the children have lost and gained many freedoms. The use of rhetorical questions at the end of the text involves the reader and makes them consider the argument that the article is putting forward.

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap

How to Create a 2017 Job Search Roadmap So you’ve set your career goals for 2017. (You totally have, right? If not, you still have time!) Yet unless you have some organization and a realistic timeline behind them, it’s likely that you’ll be in the same spot this time next year, wondering where the time went. Start the year with a roadmap like the sample one below, and you’ll be able to stay on track without overwhelming yourself with all job search elements at once.December: Start with a wish listWhere do you want to be in a year? What kind of role would you like to have? Before the new year even starts, take some time to think about what it is you really want to do. â€Å"A new job† doesn’t really cut it here- think about which job. Or if you want to keep the same kind of job you have now (or the one you had last), include specific companies you’d like to target.January-February: Do your due diligenceIf you haven’t already, dig in and research your target jobs or com panies. What is the general market for your industry and skill/experience level? Is there a particular hiring season? What kind of salaries are available in that field? Keep all of this information in a file (digital or old-school print) so you can go back to it later, or add to it as you come across new information.March-April: Resume makeover timeIf it’s been a while since you last overhauled the doc, it’s best to start from scratch. There are resume templates available online, or you can create your own. The important thing here is to make sure your current skills and achievements are not only listed, but maximized. Use strong action verbs, and avoid passive bullet points about â€Å"responsibilities.† And most importantly, proofread the heck out of it every time you add or change information.By the end of the month, when you feel like you’ve got a final draft, hand it over to a trusted friend to read and review for information that’s missing, c onfusing, etc.May-June: Interview rehearsalRemember that old joke that asks you how to get to Carnegie Hall? (Practice, of course.) It’s schticky, but it applies here as well. No matter how confident you feel in your ability to rock an interview, you should still set aside time to prep. You can start here, to get a refresher course on what to expect on interview day. Once you’ve done that legwork, practice how you’d respond to particular questions, and how you would frame the information in your resume.Practice in the mirror, practice with your goldfish, practice with a friend or family member until they’re sick of hearing about your problem solving skills. Practice your body language. Practice your winning interview smile like you’re prepping for the Miss America pageant.July-August: Skill buildingAre there skills required by your target job or skills that would make you an even better candidate for your dream company? Think of this as the equival ent of summer reading from when you were a kid. If there are classes available and it’s possible for you to take them, sign up! If there aren’t any available or they just don’t work for your schedule or budget, set aside a certain amount of time per week to do online research or talk with people who have expertise.September-October: ApplyOnce you feel like your foundations are good, start applying for job openings. Keep in mind that a lot of hiring takes place through personal recommendations and word of mouth, so also keep an eagle eye on your networks to see if anyone can help you get an in with one of your target companies.November-December: Keep up the huntKeep applying for openings as you see them, and don’t hesitate to go back to steps you completed earlier in the year if you feel the need. Always be vigilant for chances to boost your skills. Make sure your resume up-to-the-minute. Practice your suave, hire-me handshake. And don’t forget that so much of the job search is waiting for the right opportunity, so don’t be discouraged if you don’t see results right away.This yearlong roadmap is just a guide- if a different schedule works best for you, run with it! It might be that while you’re in the midst of interview bootcamp, your dream job opens up. So definitely keep an eye on opportunities throughout the year, and adjust your plan as necessary. The important part is that you’re setting a plan, and getting yourself in shape for the 2017 new-job marathon.

Marooned Ice Breaker Party Game for Adults

Marooned Ice Breaker Party Game for Adults If you were marooned on a deserted island, who would you want with you? This ice breaker is a great game to play when people don’t know each other, and it fosters team building in groups that already work together. I have always found peoples choices to be very revealing about who they are. Ideal Size Up to 30. Divide larger groups. Use for Introductions in the classroom or at a meeting, and as a team building exercise. Time Needed 30 minutes, depending on the size of the group. Materials Needed None. Instructions Give people a minute or two to think about this question: If you were marooned on a deserted island, which three people would you want with you? They can be dead, alive, or imaginary. Ask participants to introduce themselves and share their choices with the group. Start with yourself so they have an example. Example Hi, my name is Deb. If I were marooned on a deserted island, I would want Tim with me because he’s smart, strong, and fun, and I love him. He would know how to make a shelter and find food, and we’d have wonderful conversations. My second choice would be someone who tells great stories, like Garrison Keillor or Eoin Colfer. And my third would be Solomon Burke, the blues singer, so we’d have soulful music. Debriefing Debrief by asking if there were any surprises in the group and if anybody has a question for another participant. You will have listened carefully to the introductions. If somebody has chosen a person related in any way to your topic, use that person as a transition to your first lecture or activity.

Federal financial aid in relation to rising tuition costs Essay

Federal financial aid in relation to rising tuition costs - Essay Example It never seems that governmental intervention is desired in most businesses and likely colleges and universities are no different. Those who might argue against the partial cost reimbursement program might suggest that this is a form of price control (Hauptman, 1998) which would give governmental regulators considerable authority over university and college business. However, the evidence does not suggest that partial reimbursement of tuition costs is price control rather it is designed to lessen the burdens on tuition-paying students, especially those with lower-level income brackets. Additional arguments related to price control might suggest that this would be a tactic to create a form of competitiveness between rival universities and colleges, at a time when consumer incomes are down, to give some universities with a higher financial portfolio an edge over less-affluent or cash-rich universities. From a microeconomic perspective, the activities of the college or university related to reimbursement programs might ensure a higher volume of interested students than those universities which do not provide partial cost reimbursements. This would not be a value to the student if they were denied partial reimbursements to assist with day-to-day needs such as clothing and in-house meals. Partial cost reimbursement would also provide students with the necessary tools to succeed. Morris and Maisto (2005) offer a unique theory of human needs proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow in which the needs of students start out at the most basic, such as food and water (physiological) and progress through a series of stages until they reach self-actualization, or the pinnacle of their human capacity. Under this model, it is theorized that no individual can progress through self-development until basic fundamental needs are met. The partial cost reimbursement program, as modeled by Maslow’s theory, would provide students with a wide variety of physiological

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - Essay Example For example, the general management will avail the resources required and give signatories to implement the strategy; hence they need to be aware of the strategy and its implications on the operations of the company. Providing all the information about the business strategy to the general management is vital in ensuring that they give a go ahead so that the strategy is implemented. The human resource organizational strategy, which will make their policies work, is one that divides the role of decision making among the employees, which is referred to as employee or labor relations (Abella, 2004). For example, different groups will be assigned different tasks, which they will be responsible for and ensure that the tasks they are assigned are accomplished. Sharing decision-making makes employees comfortable with their job since they will have a feeling of self worth. Consequently, this will enhance the operations of the company and productivity will rise. In addition human resource can use a compensation strategy, which will see that the hard working employees are given bonuses for the extra work they do. To be a stage 6 manager in the construction company, the manager needs ensure that their practices are directed towards achieving the goals the company has set within the time provided while taking care of the needs of every worker (Armstrong, 2008). The manager should use orientation where he will ensure that all the workers are protected in terms of justice and welfare, which will be the same for everyone in the company. The manager should ensure that every worker is entitled to a medical cover and incase of injury or sickness, they are treated promptly and in the best way. He should also ascertain that workers are entitled to joining unions, which will be responsible for forwarding their complaints to the management. Furthermore, the manager should ensure that his motives are moral and should be

Compassion Fatigue Analysis Health And Social Care Essay

Compassion Fatigue Analysis Health And Social Care Essay Nowadays, natural disasters, warfare, violent crime, acts of terrorism, domestic violence and child abuse are circumstances that significantly impact life in modern society (Bush, 2009). These events necessitate professional counselors to effectively treat the trauma associated with these personal and societal crises. When counselor are therapeutically engaged with a child or adult who has been traumatized or encounter with the trauma survivor, he or she may be at risk to intrusive thoughts, avoidance, negative affect and impaired psychological functioning (Chrestman, 1995). Therefore, counselors are vulnerable to compassion fatigue. The concept of compassion fatigue emerged only in the last several years in the professional literature. It represents the cost of caring about and for traumatized people (Adams et al., 2006; Figley, 2002). 1.1 Definition of compassion fatigue Some authors identified compassion fatigue as a state in which a counselor lacks of emotional strength, exhaustion, experience languor, and loss of vitality and energy (Alkema, Linton, Davies, 2008). In other words, it may be understand as a sense of being tired of helping others and finding it difficult to act out of compassion. Additionally, some experts view compassion fatigue as a hazard associated primarily with mental health clinicians and with first responders to natural and human made disaster such as China earthquake and incident of 9/11 (Boscarino, Figley, Adams, 2004). Among the helping professions, genetic counselors clearly do witness much pain and suffering, and may fall prey to compassion fatigue (Udipi, Veach, Kao, LeRoy, 2008). According to Fidley (1993) as cited in Figley (2002), compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress (STS) can be define as the natural consequence behaviors and emotions resulting from knowing about a traumatizing event experienced by a significant other-the stress resulting from helping or wanting to help a traumatized or suffering person. As Figley (2002) pointed out, compassion fatigue is identical to secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD) and is the equivalent of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Figley, 2002). Moreover, compassion fatigue is also recognized as secondary traumatization, secondary traumatic stress disorder, or vicarious traumatization within professional literature (Figley, 2002; Hofmann, 2009). 1.2 Historical Background of Compassion Fatigue The study of traumatic events and their subsequent impact on human beings has grown considerably over the past two decades. Since the early 1980s, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) (APPENDIX A) has recognized both acute and Post Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) as identifiable mental health concerns (Alkema et al., 2002). Besides that, according to the notion stated in criterion A1 of the PTSD diagnosis, it clearly indicates that people can develop the symptoms of PTSD without actually being physically harmed or threatened with harm (Alkema et al., 2008; Figley, 2002). That is, people can be traumatized simply by learning about the traumatic event. However, according to a review of the traumatology literature, it come to a conclusion that nearly all of the hundreds of reports focusing on traumatized people exclude those who were traumatized indirectly or secondarily and only focus on those who were directly traumatized, that is, the victims (Craig S prang, 2010; Figley, 2002). As a result, after more than a decade of negligence of the indirect traumatized people, it is important to consider the least studied aspect of traumatized stress, which is secondary traumatic stress (STS) or later, compassion fatigue. The term compassion fatigue was used as far back as 1990, the news media in the United States used compassion fatigue to describe the publics lack of patience, or perhaps simply the editors lack of patience, with the homeless problem, which had previously been presented as an anomaly or even a crisis which had only existed for a short time and could presumably be solved somehow. Later on in 1992, Joinson first used the term in print, in discussing burnout among nurses who deal with hospital emergencies, counselor, emergency workers and other professionals who experience STS in the line of duty (Dominguez-Gomez Rutledge, 2009). That same year Jeffrey Kottler (1992), in his book, Compassionate Therapy, emphasize the importance of compassion in dealing with extremely difficult and resistant patients. Additionally, compassion fatigue has been studied by the field of traumatology, where it has been called the cost of caring for people facing emotional pain (Boscarino et al., 2004; Hofman n, 2009). Furthermore, one of the first earliest references in the scientific literature regarding this cost of caring comes from Carl G. Jung in The Psychology of Dementia Praecox. In this text, Jung discusses the challenges of countertransference the therapists conscious and unconscious reactions to the patient in the therapeutic situation. In his text, he pointed out that therapist can treat their patients with schizophrenia by participates in the delusional fantasies and hallucinations with the patient. Nevertheless, he warns that this participation in the patients darkly painful fantasy world of traumatic images has significant deleterious effects for the therapist; especially when the therapist has not resolved his/her own developmental and traumatic issues (Craig Sprang, 2010; Figley, 2002). 1.3 Statistic of compassion fatigue on counselors Throughout the years, the number of natural and technological disasters was on the rise, therefore, studies of the effects of disaster events on both the victims and the disaster responders increased (Boscarino, Adams, Figley, 2006; Bush, 2009). Many researchers focus on those professionals who provide therapy to victims of trauma such as trauma counselors, crisis workers, nurses and other caregivers who become victims themselves of secondary traumatic stress (STS) or compassion fatigue (Bourassa, 2009; Coetzee Klopper, 2010; Figley, 2002). Studies which focus on examine the psychological impacts of providing mental health counseling to the disasters victims had found out that counselors were psychologically affected by their work, whether or not they personally experienced the disaster (Martin et al., 2010). For instance, as Myers and Wee (2005) pointed out, nearly three-quarters (73.5%) of counselors were rated as being at risk of compassion fatigue, which include moderate risk (23.5%), high risk (29.4%), and extremely high risk (20.6%) in their study of the psychological impact on counselors who work with the trauma survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing (Myers Wee, 2005) Furthermore, Meldrum et al. (2002) found that 27% of a sample of Australian mental health professions who worked with traumatized individuals reported extreme stress from this type of work (Meldrum, King, Spooner, 2002). In a research article that have been done by Arvay and Uhlemann (1996) using a sample of 161 trauma counselors in British Columbia, they found out that 24% of the counselors interviewed perceived life as stressful. Sixteen percent reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, 4% reported levels of depersonalization and 26% reported feeling ineffective at work in terms of professional accomplishment (Arvay Uhlemann, 1996). Fourteen percent of the sample reported traumatic stress levels similar to PTSD. In their article, Arvay and Uhlemann (1996) also pointed out that the impaired counselor was in his or her early 40s, held less than a masters degree and was more likely to work for an agency than in a private setting. Additionally, Sprang et al. (2007) also found out that young female with higher educational degree and less experience in clinical settings predicted elevated levels compassion fatigue in the studys sample of 1,121 mental health providers (Sprang, Clark, Whitt-Woosley, 2007). 1.4 Causes of compassion fatigue According to Figley (2002), compassion fatigue occurs when one is exposed to extreme events directly experienced by another and becomes overwhelmed by this secondary exposure to trauma. Thus, counselors who always listen to reports of trauma, horror, human cruelty and extreme loss of their clients are at high risk of experience compassion fatigue. In effective counseling, controlled reactivation of the traumatic memories is promoted by many interventions or forms of psychotherapy due to in the prevailing opinion among psychotherapists; working through the traumatic events is beneficial to the client (Craig Sprang, 2010; Kinzel Nanson, 2000). For instance, in behavior therapy, clients are asked to confront with stimuli relating to the traumatic events through returning to a crime scene (in vivo) or imagining the events of the crime (in sensu) (Craig Sprang, 2010). However, psychotherapy work with torture victims is potentially harmful to the therapist and can lead to compassion fatigue although working through the traumatic events experienced by a sufferer of PTSD seems to be beneficial to the client. Undeniably, empathy allows counselors to relate to others in their care and to have a sense of what their clients are feeling. Moreover, it also helps the counselors to put the clients experiences into perspective and understanding how the clients are being affected by the incidents which the counselors are trying to mediate (Meadors et al., 2009). In brief, in an effective counseling, empathy understanding is necessary. Besides that, counselors, by the very nature of their work, are called on to be compassionate toward their clients on a daily basis (Meadors et al., 2009; Pickett, Brennan, Greenberg, Licht, Worrell, 1994). However, the more compassionate and empathetic a counselor is toward the suffering of the traumatized person, the more vulnerable that counselor is to compassion fatigue. It is due to compassion fatigue is based on the idea of a syndrome resulting specifically from empathizing with people who are experiencing pain and suffering; counselor can become overwhelmed a nd may begin to experience feelings of fear, pain and suffering similar to that of their clients (Figley, 2002; Meadors et al., 2009). As Alkema et al. (2008) pointed out, the common situations of counselor that can lead to compassion fatigue include 1) listening to stories of child abuse; 2) working with suicidal ideation, 3) interacting with the terminally ill; 4) responding with humanitarian aid in situations like disaster, poverty, or war; 5) caring for families with an injured or dying child; 6) providing support for survivors of rape; and 7) providing services for bereaved families. It is important to note that the sense of being overwhelmed or vulnerability to compassion fatigue is subjective, meaning that what overwhelms one counselor, may not necessarily overwhelm another. Additionally, even one story that overwhelms the counselors ability to make sense of the event, can lead to compassion fatigue symptoms (Alkema et al., 2008; Bush, 2009). Therefore, it is essential for the counselor to recognize compassion fatigue symptoms in themselves and their coworkers in turn to provide any emergency aid if needed. 1.5 Symptoms of compassion fatigue The symptoms of compassion fatigue vary in intensity depending on counselor characteristics and the characteristics of the client population. The resulting symptoms of compassion fatigue typically have an acute onset and are usually associated with a particular event (Stamm, 2005). Symptoms may include: being afraid, having intrusive images enter the persons attention, having trouble sleeping, or avoiding situations that remind the individual of the event (Tehrani, 2010). Moreover, compassion fatigue can have negative impact on spiritual development of counselor due to in some cases, counselor are psychologically bombarded by the traumatic recollections, emotional suffering, and psychological pain brought by their clients into session. A counselor might begin doubting his/her values, might express anger or bitterness toward God, and begin withdrawing from fellowship (Udipi et al., 2008). Furthermore, the range of counselor behaviors indicating compassion fatigue can include spending less time with clients, being late and absent from work, making professional errors, being hypercritical of others, making sarcastic and cynical comments about clients and the organization, abusing chemicals, and keeping poor records (Stewart, 2009; Tehrani, 2010). In addition, compassion fatigue also can manifest as physical symptoms such as rapid pulse, sleep disturbance, fatigue, reduced resistance to infection, weakness and dizziness, memory problems, weight change, ga strointestinal complaints, hypertension, and head-aches, backaches, or muscle aches (Meadors et al., 2009) According to Stewart (2009), for people exposed to primary stressors (i.e., client) and for those exposed to secondary stressors, there is a fundamental difference between the pattern of response during and following the traumatic event. Researches indicate the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD) or compassion fatigue is nearly identical to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), except that PTSD symptoms are directly connected to the sufferer (e.g., client), yet STSD symptoms is associated with a exposure to knowledge about traumatizing event experienced by the people who care (e.g., counselor). Moreover, as Fidley (2002) pointed out, symptoms of compassion fatigue can be divided into categories of intrusive, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Table 1: Compassion fatigue symptoms Intrusive Symptoms Thoughts and images associated with clients traumatic experiences Obsessive and compulsive desire to help certain clients Client/work issues encroaching upon personal time Inability to let go of work-related matters Perception of survivors as fragile and needing the assistance of the caregiver Thoughts and feelings of inadequacy as a caregiver Sense of entitlement or specialness Perception of the world in terms of victims and perpetrators Personal activities interrupted by work-related issues Avoidance Symptoms Silencing Response (avoiding hearing/witnessing clients traumatic material) Loss of enjoyment in activities/cessation of self-care activities Loss of energy Loss of hope/sense of dread working with certain clients Loss of sense of competence/potency Isolation Secretive self-medication/addiction (alcohol, drugs, work, sex, food, spending, etc.) Relational dysfunction Arousal Symptoms Increased anxiety Impulsivity/reactivity Increased perception of demand/threat (in both job and environment) Increased frustration/anger Sleep disturbance Difficulty concentrating Change in weight/appetite Somatic symptoms 1.6 Measuring compassion fatigue It is essential to assess for compassion fatigue symptoms in the caregiver especially for counselors who work with those traumatized clients (Hofmann, 2009; Stamm, 2005) Thus, certain reliable instrument is needed to use to measure the degree of compassion fatigue in counselors. It is mainly due to through the scoring of the instrument, it can give the counselor valuable feedback or insight of their vulnerability level to compassion fatigue (Adams et al., 2008; Stamm, 2005). Besides that, an examination of the history of the counselor is also a critical step in treating compassion fatigue as researchers have found that a personal history of a traumatic experience can contribute to the experience of compassion fatigue (Adams, Figley, Boscarino, 2008). Thus, compassion fatigue counselors can assist their co-workers to examine the role that their previous traumatic material has on making them vulnerable to the experience of compassion fatigue. For instance, the Professional Quality of Life Scale: Compassion Satisfaction and Subscales (ProQOL) have been widely used in assessing secondary/vicarious trauma (Bride, Radey, Figley, 2007). Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) ProQOL is a 30 item self-report measure to assess the dimensions compassion satisfaction, burn-out and compassion fatigue (APPENDIX A). The compassion satisfaction dimension (CS) measures pleasure derived from being able to do the daily work well where higher scores on this scale represent a greater satisfaction related to ones ability to be an effective caregiver. Besides that, the burnout dimension (BO) in this scale is associated with feelings of hopelessness and difficulties in dealing with work. Higher scores are related to higher risk for burnout. Moreover, the compassion fatigue dimension (CF) relates to work-related secondary exposure to extremely stressful events. High scores indicate that ones are exposed to frightening experiences at work. The alpha reliabilities for the scales are 1) Compassion Satisfaction alpha = .87, 2) Burnout alpha = .72 and 3) Compassion Fatigue alpha = .80. Additionally, the construct validity upon which the test is based is well established with over 200 articles noted in the peer-review literature. Using the multi-trait multi-method mode for convergent and discriminant validity the scales on the ProQOL do, in fact, measure different constructs (Adams et al., 2008; Bride et al., 2007). 1.7 Consequences of compassion fatigue Researches have indicated for those counselors who have the greatest capacity for feeling and expressing empathy are at the greatest risk from experiencing secondary traumatic stress or compassion fatigue (Alkema et al., 2008). Furthermore, it has been recognized that counselors suffering from compassion fatigue may be engaged in impaired or unethical practice. Those counselors may become worried with their patients/clients and exhibit signs and symptoms that are not beneficial to optimal patient/client care. It can negatively affect the ability to provide services and maintain personal and professional relationships (Craig Sprang, 2010). When a counselor is suffering from compassion fatigue, he or shes ability to listen with empathy becomes compromised, the counselor may unconsciously avoid the traumatic material brought by the client in an effort to maintain the integrity of the counselors world view (Alkema et al., 2008; Bride et al., 2007). For instance, the counselor will tend to remain silent when he or she is unable to attend to the clients traumatic material. Instead, the counselor will redirects the conversation to less disturbing material that is more pleasant to them (Alkema et al., 2008). Moreover, as Adam et al. (2006) pointed out, counselors who are suffering from compassion fatigue may hurt their clients by placing their own needs above the needs of the clients. They may tend to avoid the discussion of the traumatic content as a means of protecting themselves from further exposure. According to Bride et al. (2006), avoidance of clients traumatic issue in counseling comprise a degree of unethical practice as it further isolates the client in his or her psychological pain and suffering. As a result, the counseling alliance may be damage and will lead to further suffering for the client and puts the counselor itself at risk for injuring other clients. Besides that, it is important to note that counselor with compassion fatigue is more likely to develop a sense of isolation, exhaustion and professional dissatisfaction. Therefore, compassion fatigue has the potential to rob the professional of his or her sense of well-being if left unaddressed (Alkema et al., 2008; Crai g Sprang, 2010; Figley, 2002). PREVENTIONS AND INTERVENTIONS After years of clinical practice, counselors are being confronted with tragedies of life and depression (Hofmann, 2009). Therefore, they are at high risk of accumulated pain and sadness. Thus, if without an appropriate way or the time to have positive experiences, it will increase the risk of compassion fatigue and distancing (Kinzel Nanson, 2000; Newsom, 2010). For that reason, the need for some kind of structured prevention, support, and strengthening processes is necessary in order to help the counselor to deal with indirect traumatization. Among the intervention methods, debriefing sessions are a good way to help a counselor with compassion fatigue decompress and normalize what they are experiencing (Kinzel Nanson, 2000; Pickett et al., 1994). During debriefing session, traumatic incident is discussed in a structured group meeting. Through debriefing, it can help the counselor to address the immediate psychological impact that he or she experienced from the client. Thus, through discussing and seeking assistance from other colleagues and caregivers who have had experience with trauma and have remained healthy and hopeful, it can assist the counselor to alleviate the traumatic symptoms (Pickett et al., 1994). In addition, the importance of regular professional supervision, before and after traumatic events, has been identified as essential, as is continuing education and training (Kinzel Nanson, 2000; Meadors et al., 2009). It is due to for the purpose to promote long-term coping with the consequences of the traumatic events, continuity of the supervision and training program is necessary. Moreover, the aim of supervision is to explore and reduce the impact of the painful client material on the counselors thinking and emotions. In the United Kingdom, personal supervision is a professional requirement for counselors and it may be provided by a clinical supervisor, manager, or peer (Kinzel Nanson, 2000). According to pre-existing studies, it had been recognized that self-hypnosis have beneficial effects on immune control, enhanced mood and well-being (Martin et al., 2010; Mottern, 2010; Ruysschaert, 2003). Besides that, clinical experience with clients and therapists reports also indicated that ones can recovering and lowering their overall level of stress through self-hypnosis (Martin et al., 2010). Therefore, self-hypnosis is an effective tool to help counselor in preventing compassion fatigue or in promoting compassion satisfaction. In stress management, counselors ability to let go do play a very important role in stress-resistance or resilience. Figley (1995) also sees let-it-go as an important aspect in the reduction of compassionate stress. Therefore, in effective counseling, it is important for the counselor to find ways to create some distance from the emotional pain that they experienced from their clients. According to Morttern (2010), practicing self-hypnosis in a regular basis is important step in promoting self-awareness and temporarily distancing oneself from the outside world. For instance, it is possible for the counselor who suffered from compassion fatigue letting go of intrusions and thoughts indirectly by imagining thoughts as clouds, coming and going, and just noticing what happens (Mottern, 2010). Furthermore, counselors have to increase their own self awareness and live a healthy, balanced lifestyle in order decreases their vulnerability from compassion fatigue (Figley, 2002; Prati Pietrantoni, 2009). For instance, counselors can increase their self awareness by knowing their own triggers and vulnerable areas and learn to defuse them or avoid them (Bride et al., 2007). Besides that, counselors have to realize that normal responses to abnormal situations is true for helpers as well as victims. Thus, they should allow themselves to grieve when bad things happen to others (Figley, 2002). Moreover, it is essential for the counselors to set boundaries for themselves by develop realistic expectations about the rewards as well as the limitations of helping (Prati Pietrantoni, 2009). In brief, they have to become aware of any irrational beliefs that impair their well being throughout the helping process. Last but not least, diversions and recreation that allow the counselor to take mini-escapes from the intensity of their work is absolutely essential to avoid from compassion fatigue (Alkema et al., 2008). Researches indicate that those that have the ability to turn their thoughts about work off are more resilient throughout their career (Alkema et al., 2008; Figley, 2002). For instance, counselors can express their feelings through writing in a journal, music or art. CONCLUSION Counselors enroll themselves in the helping profession because they want to assist other in need. Yet, counselors can become so overwhelmed by the exposure to the feelings and experiences of their clients and leave them vulnerable for compassion fatigue. Compassion fatigue, if left untreated, can spark a deterioration of personality and generate a decline in general health of the counselors. Thus, it is of vital importance to treat the helpers or counselors with compassion fatigue so that it do not reach a absurd situation where clients/victims are treated and helped, but those who help them experience such burnout that they can no longer function as mental health care providers or even continue their own life patterns as usual. Therefore, counselors and every mental health professionals must note and address the prevention steps in order to prevent compassion fatigue. In brief, compassion fatigue is a serious problem among members of the helping professions, but counselors will be a ble to get through it by acknowledging it, and staying connected to the good in their own life.

Principles of marketing Essay

1. Introduction   1.a What is marketing? Elements of marketing: Marketing is a business philosophy that seeks to address customers wants and needs by either determining what a customer wants or anticipating customer demands and then producing goods and services that meet these requirements. The marketing concept therefore differs significantly from the selling and the production concept, where it was what the firm produced that was sold. The production concept believed that all production sells and what is needed is a selling effort. In marked contrast, the marketing concept works first at determining what the customer needs and then producing the same so that the customer is satisfied. The elements of marketing include the customer, the product, the value of the product and the want it addresses. 1.b Advantages of marketing and criticism: The marketing approach ensures that the seller does not make mistakes in determining what the market demands. There is thus that much efficiency in the marketplace as production capacities are built depending on market feedback and what customers want. Also, as the marketing department knows what the customer wants, it is able to provide an efficient answer and design, at a cost that the customer is willing to pay. The marketing approach has also been criticized for its attempt at forecasting and determining personal choices. It is also criticized for influencing customers towards goods and services that they may actually not need, but are driven to these products through clever strategies that convert simple desires into burning needs. Marketing also has been criticized for using external influences through advertising and promotions to make people demand goods that they would otherwise not have found useful. Leveraging customer psychology to get people influenced by imaginary reference groups that they aspire to belong to, also is another tool used by marketing that is often criticized for its ability to attract customers. Modern marketing, with all available technology and databases that track customer behaviour, is a weapon that can be used by firms wanting to grab large market shares. It therefore tends to be unethical at times and needs string regulatory mechanisms. 1.c The marketing function The marketing function is a function that includes all activities that contribute to the marketing strategy and the marketing process. This function therefore covers all aspects of identifying customers, determining their needs, estimating wants, calculating total demand, building supply chains and constructing marketing promotion strategies through all available marketing channels. This also includes marketing controls and control systems that ensure that all activities undertaken by marketing departments are consistent with and in line with the objectives of the firm. The marketing planning and control mechanism tracks the various activities undertaken by the firm, and determines if the process is going as per plan. 1.d Marketing management: Monitoring and evaluating its marketing processes regularly, a firm is able to take corrective action. The monitoring of marketing activities is a specialized task that ensures the entire chain of activities is checked regularly, constant feedback taken and corrective measures instituted that bring the plan back to the path desired so the firm’s overall objectives are met and are not deviated from. The marketing function starts with a marketing plan that is a written statement of objectives and processes that the firm would undertake to meet its goals. This plan is constantly recalled to ensure the control system and the action plan sticks to the strategy that has been drafted. The plan takes into account the economic environment the firm exists in, the regulatory framework, and the demographic characteristics of the population, competitive forces and product characteristics. The marketing mix   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Product: The marketing mix is central to any marketing plan that a marketing strategy evolves. The marketing mix primarily looks at the four components that have defined marketing strategy. These four major components of a marketing plan are the Product, Place, Price and Promotion. The first – product, focuses on making the firm’s product something that is of value for the customer, is constantly redefined to meet changing tastes and is what is actually something that meets market demand. The product that is marketed is defined by its quality, its functionality, the appearance, the service that comes with the product and the support provided to the customer. It is important for the firm to produce a product that is of high quality. In a competitive market, it is no longer possible to sell a product that is not of high quality as there are several substitutes available and competitors are always ready to improve quality. Hence the product is defined by it functionality and the brand that is built around the product. The brand defines product quality and provides customers with information about the product even before the product is bought and used. Additionally, the product is defined by what the firm provides by way of after sales support and service. Modern brands provide products with warranties that cover the risk of failure after the product is sold to the customer. Brands are built around the various facets of the product sold. A brand carries an inbuilt guarantee of the usefulness of the product. Brand building is essential to marketing management and defines the product part of the marketing mix. Products are also made so as to acquire certain niches in the market and this can be either done through specific functionalities or through product differentiation. Place: The second component is place and this focuses on the fact that the product would be made available to the customer at the right time and at the right place. It also includes the aspect that the product should also be available in the right quantities. Non-availability will move customers away to another substitute while too large a stick will increase inventory costs. So the correct balance needs to be struck. The place component of the marketing mix depends on the logistics that go into supplying the product to the customer at the right place and at the right time. The logistics department must identify appropriate locations, the appropriate channels of distribution, the channel partners that take the product to the customer and ensure maximum coverage. The place also defines the point of contact with the customer, the point of purchase advertising and the support locations. Modern technology has added a new dimension to place by way of providing Internet and mobile access to marketers. Using mobile phones and online marketing, customers are able to access distant locations at the click of a mouse and check out the product in a virtual environment. Delivery is quick because of the developments in transportation and travel. Support and service can now be provided through distant, centralized locations that are accessible through support centers and call centers. Successful marketing in today’s environment is a function of how well the marketer leverages modern technology by way of online brochures, online advertising and payment gateways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price: The price of course is a critical component of the marketing mix. In a competitive market where goods are homogenous and perfectly substitutable, it is price that would ensure some buyers for a new product. On the other hand, in similar situations, a product that is priced high could occupy the position of a superior good and guarantees a premium only because it attracts prestige and value to the product. In goods and services that are price elastic, price can e used as a strategic tool to increase margins, whereas in price inelastic markets, prices need to be kept stable. A large number of marketing strategies focus on the price range a product offers and the income levels and consumption characteristics of the customer in the neighborhood.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pricing is also a strategy that incorporates list prices and how they are estimated. The list price takes into account the competition and the channel margins. Where the marketer is using a push strategy, pricing must include incentives to retailers and wholesalers that enable them to push the product among the customers. Pricing also includes the strategy that involves using discounting and discounting sales to increase volumes periodically. Today pricing strategies also have to keep in mind leasing options and installment based payments. They must therefore allow for various financing options.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Promotion: The other important component of the marketing mix is the promotion package that is used by the marketer. Especially in a new market, where a product is being launched and introduced, it is critical for the market to accept the new product. Here is where the promotional aspect acquires a new dimension compared to the promotional strategy of a product that is entering a competitive market. Promotional strategies need to be carefully defined depending on the nature of the product and the market characteristics. The most important promotional tool used worldwide is advertising and this in the modern world is a strategic decision that must take into account the advertising mix that calculates what amounts of money and effort be spent on television, print media, internet advertising, bill boards, radio stations and mail brochures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, in the days of consumer movements and regulatory mechanisms, it is important for promotion to concentrate on public relations. Most brands today spend a lot of effort in maintaining public relations through regular contact with the consumers and the media. Also promotion in specific goods and services is carried out through a direct sales network that requires a great amount of coordination and networking. It is also important to remember that, given its scope and coverage, promotion is an activity that requires scientific budgeting and monitoring. Promotion as an activity needs to cover the target audience, the end customer, the opinion makers and the potential buyers and channel members that could be part of the future supply chain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The 4 P marketing mix model has been the one most used by various marketers all over the world and ensures that each of the marketing function gets covered and focused on. There have been those who have argued for a 5 P and even a 7 P marketing mix, especially to cover service products. The one extra P that is most often talked about is People, the human resource component that actually makes the efforts in tackling the 4 Ps. In any marketing firm, where customers need to be convinced and must trust the product, it is the people handling the product, the promotion and the supply chain that need to be extremely well trained, motivated and understanding of customer demands. Therefore it is often argued that the marketing mix must give an equal emphasis on its people and their training and incentives. However the 4 Ps discussed above are the most critical and need to be focused on to be able to successfully compete at the market place. Buyer behaviour   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3.a Purchase decision: Purchase decision is a complex mechanism that involves a .large number of steps. The buyer behaves differently for high involvement and low involvement products. Products that are expensive and are in the nature of assets are high involvement products where the consumer takes time and makes efforts to look at various possible substitutes and competitors before making the purchase decision. The purchase decision is therefore sees to go through the various steps. There is a need recognition phase where the marketing begins. Here the buyer defines what his needs are the starts exploring possibilities that would solve the need. High involvement products there fore need great amounts of research before the buyer is able to decide. On daily consumables like soaps and toothpaste the buyer may not be as highly involved and easily makes decisions. Therefore after the need recognition process, the buyer then goes of ran information search through which a set of alternatives emerge. These are then weighed against various constraints and then the actual purchase decision is made. What follows is the post purchase behaviour and in this the buyer may actually regret making the decision or may go away satisfied. Marketers need to understand what is referred to as post purchase dissonance to be able to ensure good word of mouth promotion from existing customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3b. Reference groups, culture: Of course buyer behaviour depends a great deal on the cultural background where the market exists. In savings oriented societies buyer behaviour is quite different form societies marked by conspicuous consumption. Also buyers in certain societies are bound to make far more careful decisions than in certain other cultural frameworks. Also groups tend to alter behaviour is different settings. The reference group is a major decision maker for most customers who would like to reach a group that they aspire to belong to through similar buyer behaviour. This is why a large number of celebrities are used to sell products and promote them. To influence buyers who consider these celebrities as these reference groups and inspirational groups. 4. New product development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Market plans and market strategies therefore are complex mechanism that must look at various aspects of buyer behaviour, product characteristics and promotional strategies. Very often in such mechanisms, it becomes critical for firms to make decisions regarding innovation and new product development,. It could sometimes to easy for a firm to simply provide a market with existing demand and give the same product that exists at a better price and better place. However this might not work as the first mover ahs an advantage. Also the demand levels keep changing as culture changes and incomes change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Therefore new products must be offered and innovations required both in developing new products, in new segmentation strategies, in product differentiation, in defining new niche markets and in being able to design both push and pull promotional strategies. Innovation is the name of the game as markets become more competitive and the customer more demanding. Market strategy demands that innovative strategies and products be designed keeping the basics in mind – that of the need to study and satisfy customer demand. Marketing is a science that attempts at assessing demand and developing products and promotions that meet this demand at appropriate prices and places. Innovation in marketing must keep this design in mind and develop new processes and products that work at the market place. References Moorman C. and Rust T. 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